CPM Dictionary: N
Name of Attachment: Data field that denotes the usual name or names that the attachment can be called
Na-Tech (Natural-Technological) Disaster: Natural disaster that creates technological emergencies such as urban fires resulting from seismic motion or chemical spills resulting from floods. See also Disaster; Natural Disaster; Technological Disaster
National Command Authority (NCA): Refers to the President and the Secretary of Defense or their deputized alternates or successors
National Communications System (NCS): Coalition of government agencies that assist the President, the National Security Council (NSC), the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) in the exercise of telecommunication functions and responsibilities set forth in Section 2 of Executive Order 12472;facilitates coordination of planning for and provision of national security and emergency preparedness communications for Federal government under all circumstances, including crisis or emergency, attack, recovery, or reconstitution
National Computer Security Assessment Program: Evaluates interrelationship of empirical data of computer security infractions and critical systems profiles, while incorporating information from CSTVRP; designed to build threat and vulnerability scenarios based on a collection of facts from relevant reported cases
National Computer Security Center (NCSC): Responsible for encouraging widespread availability of trusted computer systems throughout U.S. Federal Government
National Contingency Plan: Refers to National Oil and Pollution Contingency Plan (NOPCP) prepared by the EPA that establishes response powers and responsibilities defined by the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) and the Clean Water Act (CWA)
National Defense Emergency Authorization: Issued by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) permitting a broadcast station to operate during an emergency in accordance with procedures provided in the Emergency Broadcast Plan
National Disaster Medical System (NDMS): Interdepartmental national mutual aid system developed by Federal departments and agencies to provide medical needs of victims of major disasters and to provide backup support for medical systems of the Departments of Defense and Veterans Affairs in caring for casualties from military conflicts
National Emergency: Condition declared by the President or Congress by virtue of powers previously vested in them that authorizes certain emergency actions to be undertaken in the national interest; may include partial, full, or total mobilization of national resources
National Emergency Coordination Center (NECC): FEMA/DHS facility that provides notification to headquarters and regional responders of implementation of an emergency plan
National Emergency Management System: FEMA/DHS operation for gathering, processing, and exchanging information (voice/data communications) in support of the emergency management community at Federal, regional, state, and local government levels; data gathered is used for decision making and execution at all levels of government, in all types of emergencies, and throughout the entire range of mitigation, preparedness, recovery, and response functions
National Emergency Training Center: Principal training facility for FEMA/DHS; includes the Emergency Management Institute and the National Fire Academy, which are responsible for planning, developing, and conducting instructional courses in a variety of emergency management and fire-related subject areas
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST): Currently a unit of the US Commerce Department, formerly known as the National Bureau of Standards, NIST promotes and maintains measurement standards, and has programs for encouraging and assisting industry and science in developing and using these standards
National Pharmaceutical Stockpile Program (NPSP): Program created to minimize human suffering and loss of life due to terrorist attacks by ensuring rapid deployment of lifesaving pharmaceuticals, vaccines, medical supplies and equipment that public health and medical providers use to treat and assist terrorist attack victims; provides a two-tiered response comprising 12-hour push packages and vendor-managed inventory (VMI) packages; 12-hour push package is ready for deployment to a designated airfield within 12 hours of Federal activation; VMI packages are shipped to arrive within 24 and 36-hours periods. See also Stockpile
National Security Decision Directive 145 (NSDD 145): Signed by U.S. President Reagan September l984, directive is entitled "National Policy on Telecommunications and Automated Information Systems Security;" provides initial objectives, policies, and an organizational structure to guide the conduct of national activities toward safeguarding systems that process, store, or communicate sensitive information; establishes a mechanism for policy development; and assigns implementation responsibilities
National Telecommunications and Information Systems Security Advisory Memoranda/Instructions (NTISSAM, NTISSI): Provide advice, assistance, or information of general interest on telecommunications and systems security to all applicable U.S. Federal departments and agencies; established by the U.S. National Manager for Telecommunications and Automated Information Systems Security and are recommendations rather than legislation
National Telecommunications and Information System Security Directives (NTISSD): Establish national-level decisions relating to NTISS policies, plans, programs, systems, or organizational delegations of authority
National Warning System: Non-military actions taken by Federal agencies, the private sector, and individual citizens to meet essential human needs; to support the military effort; to ensure continuity of Federal authority at national and regional levels; and to ensure survival as a free and independent nation under all emergency conditions, including a national emergency caused by threatened or actual attack on the U.S.
Natural Disaster: Also considered an "act of God", a disaster with an acute onset and profound effects, caused by the forces of nature; examples: earthquake, volcanic eruption, tropical cyclone, tornadoes, heavy rainfall, heavy snowfall, ice storms, drought, heat wave, cold wave. See also Disaster
Natural Hazard: Phenomena which occur in proximity and pose a threat to people, structures or economic assets and may cause disaster; caused by biological, geological, seismic, hydrological, or meteorological conditions or processes in the natural environment
Natural Immunity: Species-determined inherent resistance to a disease agent
Natural Threats: Events caused by nature that have the potential to impact an organization
Need to Know: Necessity for access to, knowledge of, or possession of specific information required to carry out official duties
Netmask: 32-bit number indicating range of IP addresses residing on a single IP network / subnet / supernet
Network: Group of computers and associated devices linked by communications facilities (both hardware and software) to share information and peripheral devices, such as printers and modems. See also Local Area Network
Network Address Translation: Linkage of an Internet Protocol address used within one network to a different IP address known within another network
Network-Based Intrusion Detection System: Monitors traffic on a network segment as a data source; accomplished by placing network interface card in promiscuous mode to capture all network traffic that crosses its network segment; systems examine network packets as they pass by a sensor which observe packets that happen to be carried on the network segment to which it's attached; packets are considered to be of interest if they match a specific signature
Network Forensics: Collection and analysis of evidence of intrusion or malfeasance from network activity and data; related to intrusion detection systems and a component of digital forensics
Network Front End: Device that implements necessary network protocols, including security protocols, such that a computer system can be attached to a network
Network Mapping: Process that compiles an electronic inventory of systems and services on a network
Network Outage: Interruption in system availability resulting from a communication failure affecting a network of computer terminals, processors, and/or workstations
Network Resource: Device or node on a network that can be identified; includes computers, printers, routers, and hubs (certain types)
Network Station: Computer connected to a LAN through a network adapter card and software
Network Taps: Hardware devices that connect directly onto a network cable and send a copy of the traffic that passes through it to one or more other networked devices
NGO: Non-Governmental Organization
Nimda: Based on earlier Code Red worm/virus, Nimda corrected earlier errors, refined the targeting algorithms and extended the variety of ways that it traveled and the type of infection mechanisms used
NOAA Weather Station: Mobile weather data collection and forecasting facility (including personnel) provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration which can be utilized within an incident area
Node: 1) In a tree structure, a point where two or more lines meet; 2) in a network, any addressable device attached to the network that can recognize, process, or forward data transmissions
No-Lone Zone: Room or other space in which no person may have unaccompanied access and that, when occupied, must be occupied by two or more appropriately authorized persons
Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs): Agencies that work on development, relief, education, and advocacy in Third World nations; most are nonprofit organizations
Non-Printable Character: Code that does not have a corresponding character letter to its corresponding ASCII code; examples: linefeed, carriage return, or the bell sound
Non-Repudiation: Ability for a system to prove that a specific user and only that specific user sent a message and that it hasn't been modified; provides protection against false denial of involvement in a communication
Nonce: Randomly generated value used to defeat replay attacks; closely related to challenge/response, initialization vector, and salt actions
Nosocomial: Refers to a situation that occurs while a patient is in a hospital or as a result of being in a hospital. See Nosocomial Infection
Nosocomial Infection: Originates in a medical facility, e.g., occurs while a patient is in a hospital or other health care facility where the infection was not present or incubating at the time of admission; includes infections acquired while in the hospital and appearing after discharge; includes infections among staff
Notifiable Disease: According to statutory requirements, disease that must be reported to public health authority in the jurisdiction where diagnosis is made; disease deemed of sufficient importance to the public health to require that its occurrence be reported health authorities
Notification: Predefined response triggered by a system condition, such as an event or error condition; typical responses include sound or visual signals, such as displaying a message box, sending email, or paging an administrator
NPSP: See National Pharmaceutical Stockpile Program
NSDD 145: See also National Security Decision Directive 145
N-Tier System: System with managed endpoints, middleware, stand-alone tools, and backend systems
Nuclear Detonation: Explosion resulting from fission and/or fusion reactions in nuclear material, such as that from a nuclear weapon (FEMA)
Nuclear Regulatory Commission Operations Center (NRCOC): Operational facility located in Bethesda, MD, where NRC officials manage their initial agency response to a nuclear accident or incident
Null Modem Cable: Enables two computers to communicate without using modems; accomplished by crossing the sending and receiving wires, so that the wire used for transmitting by one device is used for receiving by the other
Null Session: Also know as Anonymous Logon, a way for an anonymous user to retrieve information such as user names and shares over the network or connect without authentication
Number of Countries: Measures the number of countries where infections are known to have occurred
Number of Infections: Measures the number of computers known to be infected
Number of Sites: Measures the number of locations with infected computers: usually refers to organizations, such as companies, government offices, etc.
nVIR: Early Macintosh virus
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